Gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis vs household controls

Checked this project's papers and archive records yourself? Mark it human-verified.

age: sequence archive and curatedMetagenomicData disagree for 20 samples (e.g. 0.0 vs 20454.0) — withheld; bmi: sequence archive and curatedMetagenomicData disagree for 42 samples (e.g. 22.18 vs 19.45) — withheld; health condition: supplementary table and curatedMetagenomicData disagree for 55 samples (e.g. healthy_control vs allergy_or_atopy) — withheld; sex differs between samples of the same subject id (1 subjects, 8 samples) — sex withheld; sex: sequence archive and curatedMetagenomicData disagree for 1 sample (e.g. male vs female) — withheld.

The sources disagree on 123 samples. Where two incompatible values exist for one sample (or one person's samples disagree on sex), neither value is published: the field is left empty here, in the sample sheet and in the downloads. Both sides, with their sources, are in gut_metadata_contradictions.parquet of the data package (what counts as a contradiction).

longitudinalhouseholds

1,195 of 1,532 people sampled more than once (3,428 samples; median 2, up to 16 per person) · follow-up median 1 d (max 32.0 y) · median interval between samples 1 d (time from collection dates). Schedule stated by the source: “Repeated fecal sampling per subject at varying calendar dates (samples/subject max=16, median=2.0); no fixed interval stated”.

Each row is one person (36 shown of 1,195); dots are samples at days since that person's first sample; rows of one family are adjacent and coloured by role (mother, father, child, twin).

MS patients with genetically unrelated household healthy controls; 142 household ids (128 two-person households) on 1,369 samples · 130 families with 263 sampled people · 130 shared settings.

household membermember · circles are people (pale = no sequenced sample), arrows run donor → recipient and parent → child, curved lines join twins, partners and siblings, squares are shared settings or families without recorded roles. Shown: 24 of 130 families (one per family structure, then more) · 8 of 130 shared settings. 1,532 people in the project overall.

How longitudinal and relatedness information is derived

Genera, mean relative abundance over 9 profiled gut samples of this project (Sandpiper SingleM profiles, GTDB R232; low-depth and non-metagenome profiles left out).

• Household paired design reduces variance and increases power in multi-city gut microbiome study in multiple sclerosis. 2020 PMID 33115343 PMC7968892 own_data
• Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. 2022 PMID 36113426 PMC10143502 own_data
• Reevaluation of the gastrointestinal methanogenic archaeome in multiple sclerosis and its association with treatment. 2025 PMID 39998261 PMC11974365 own_data
• Gut microbial ethanol metabolism contributes to auto-brewery syndrome in an observational cohort. 2026 PMID 41507585 PMC13244660 own_data
• Integrative multicohort analysis reveals consistent sex differences in gut microbiota of multiple sclerosis patients. 2026 PMID 42484622 PMC13483414 own_data