Long. gut microbiome study of adults post-vaccination
768 fecal samples from healthy adults (18-40) in Germany, collected longitudinally before and after vaccination, to study microbiome links to vaccine reactogenicity. machine-written summary
768 samples · 3,072 runs · DE · Adult · 2025 · 8.37 Gbp / sample
Checked this project's papers and archive records yourself? Mark it human-verified.
what each source gave
| ✓ Sequence archive | 4,573 sample values (collection date, country, latitude, location region, longitude, subject id) |
| ✓ Abstract / description | 1,536 sample values (health condition, health condition detail) |
| – Full text | no open-access full text linked |
| – Supplementary tables | no supplementary tables available (or none open access) |
| – External resources | not covered by the external resources we ingest |
| – User contribution | nothing uploaded yet |
| – Human verified | not yet checked by a person · I checked this project — verify it |
intervention — arms not resolved
Vaccination as the study intervention design single_arm_before_after · population healthy_control · SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, pre/post sampling
“before and after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2” — bioproject.description (study level; per-sample arms are in the intervention column below)
longitudinal — not resolved
179 of 181 people sampled more than once (731 samples; median 4, up to 8 per person).
Genera, mean relative abundance over 740 profiled gut samples of this project (Sandpiper SingleM profiles, GTDB R232; low-depth and non-metagenome profiles left out).
| field | samples | coverage | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| age_category | 768 | 100% | ||||
| country | 768 | 100% | 768 | |||
| health_condition | 768 | 100% | 768 | |||
| subject_id | 733 | 95% | 733 | |||
| collection_date | 768 | 100% | 768 | |||
| detailed_location | 768 | 100% | ||||
| health_condition_detail | 768 | 100% | 768 | |||
| latitude | 768 | 100% | 768 | |||
| location_region | 768 | 100% | 768 | |||
| longitude | 768 | 100% | 768 |
- Flagellin in the human gut microbiome is a diet-adjustable adjuvant for vaccination 2025 own_data
Archive description
The intestinal microbiota is thought to modulate immune responsiveness to vaccines. Human studies on this topic, however, have yielded inconsistent results. We hypothesized that the microbiome would influence innate immune responses, and thus vaccine reactogenicity, more directly than vaccine immunogenicity. To test this, we established the µHEAT (Microbial-Human Ecology And Temperature) study, which longitudinally profiled the fecal microbiota, oral body temperature and serum antibody responses of 171 healthy adults (18-40 years old) before and after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. Increased temperature after vaccination (∆T) was associated with habitual diet and with baseline metabolic and immune markers. The microbiomes of ∆T-high (∆Thi) participants were characterized by high expression of flagellin and an overabundance of the flagellated bacterium Waltera. Fecal samples from ∆Thi participants induced more inflammation in human cells and stronger post-vaccine temperature responses in mice compared to ∆Tlo samples, suggesting a causal role for the microbiome. Waltera flagellin replicated the inflammatory phenotypes in vitro and this was modulable via a dietary additive. Overall, these data suggest that flagellin from the gut microbiome stimulates innate immunity and vaccine reactogenicity, and that this axis can be manipulated via diet. These findings have implications for improving human vaccine tolerance and immunogenicity.
How this project entered the registry
Classified as human gut / stool shotgun DNA metagenome of adult by sonnet_x2 with confidence 0.90. Assay shotgun_dna.
- host run.scientific_name · “human metagenome”
- body site study.description · “longitudinally profiled the fecal microbiota”
- life stage study.description · “171 healthy adults (18-40 years old)”
Evidence examples (one per field × route)
| sample | field | value | route | conf. | source | quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAMEA117764669 | collection_date | 2022-01-01 | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:collection_date | 2022-01-01 |
| SAMEA117764669 | country | DE | R1 | 0.90 | sample.attr.geographic_location_country_and_or_sea | Germany |
| SAMEA117764669 | health_condition | healthy_control | R4 | 0.50 | paper.abstract | serum antibody responses of 171 healthy adults (18-40 years old) before and after vaccination |
| SAMEA117764669 | health_condition_detail | healthy adults | R4 | 0.50 | paper.abstract | serum antibody responses of 171 healthy adults (18-40 years old) before and after vaccination |
| SAMEA117764669 | latitude | 48.5216 | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:geographic_location_latitude+geographic_location_longitude | 48.5216 9.0576 |
| SAMEA117764669 | location_region | Baden-Wuerttemberg | R1 | 0.60 | biosample.attribute:geographic_location_latitude+geographic_location_longitude | 48.5216 9.0576 |
| SAMEA117764669 | longitude | 9.0576 | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:geographic_location_latitude+geographic_location_longitude | 48.5216 9.0576 |
| SAMEA117764669 | subject_id | HEAT_051 | R1 | 0.70 | sample.name_rule:alias | HEAT_051_5 |
Sequencing
3,072 runs over 768 samples · mean 2.00 Gbp per run (median 2.09 Gbp, total 6,147.52 Gbp; 3,072 runs with a base count) · layout PAIRED 3,072 · platform ILLUMINA 3,072 · models Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (3,072) · 96% of runs with a Sandpiper profile · first public 2025-07-04
Authors (0)
No author record.
Downloads
PRJEB85985.csv.gz (17.5 KB) · parquet (96.6 KB) — all 768 samples, every field with route and confidence · PRJEB85985_determinations.csv.gz (40.7 KB) — 6,109 evidence rows