Diet patterns and gut microbiota in healthy adults, Hanover

Diet profoundly influences the human gut microbiota, an important mediator in human health. To characterize dietary selective effects on the human gut microbiota, we analyzed shotgun metagenomic samples from 92 healthy individuals who have maintained distinctive dietary patterns, i.e., vegan, flexitarian, or omnivore, over years to decades, combining detailed dietary surveys and blood biomarkers. In this cohort, dietary patterns significantly influence the bacterial community composition by reproducibly altering the relative abundances of a subset of species, yet with little impact on the microbial functional repertoire. However, the impact of dietary patterns on the microbial functionality emerged at the strain level, where diet types were associated with strain genetic variations. Moreover, we identified molecular signatures of selective pressure in species enriched in specific diet types. In particular, species enriched in omnivores carried sites under stronger positive selection compared to those enriched in vegans. These positively selected traits were exemplified by multiple iron-regulating genes in the meat-favoring bacteria, Odoribacter splanchnicus. Our findings provide valuable insights into the selective effects of diet on shaping the species and genetic diversity in the human gut microbiota.

Classified as human gut / stool shotgun DNA metagenome of adult by sonnet_x2 with confidence 0.85. Assay shotgun_dna.

• host run.host_tax_id · “9606”
• body site study.description · “shotgun metagenomic samples from 92 healthy individuals”
• body site run.scientific_name · “human gut metagenome”
• life stage sample.attr.age · “26 (n=92/92)”

92 runs over 92 samples · mean 7.57 Gbp per run (median 7.19 Gbp, total 696.59 Gbp; 92 runs with a base count) · layout PAIRED 92 · platform ILLUMINA 92 · models Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (92) · 88% of runs with a Sandpiper profile · first public 2024-11-23 – 2024-12-01

Huang KD first · Müller M · Sivapornnukul P · Bielecka AA · Amend L · Tawk C · Lesker TR · Hahn A · Strowig T last

PRJNA1115039.csv.gz (4.4 KB) · parquet (77.3 KB) — all 92 samples, every field with route and confidence · PRJNA1115039_determinations.csv.gz (11.9 KB) — 1,446 evidence rows