Low- vs high-gluten diet crossover trial in Danish adults
208 faecal metagenome samples from healthy adults (mostly middle-aged, some elderly) in Copenhagen, Denmark, from a randomised controlled cross-over trial comparing low-gluten and high-gluten diets. machine-written summary
208 samples · 208 runs · DK · Adult · 2018 · 7.08 Gbp / sample · cohort Data integration for prediction of weight loss in
Checked this project's papers and archive records yourself? Mark it human-verified.
what each source gave
| ✓ Sequence archive | 3,119 sample values (age, bmi, collection date, country, diet, diet detail, intervention, intervention detail) |
| ○ Abstract / description | read; no usable statement |
| ✓ Full text | 3 sample values (antibiotic exposure, health condition, health condition detail) · PMC10154212, PMC10770139, PMC13039869, PMC13269251, PMC6234216, PMC7674420 |
| ○ Supplementary tables | files read; no table could be matched to the samples |
| ✓ External resources | 621 sample values (antibiotic exposure, health condition, health condition detail) · from curatedMetagenomicData 3 (cMD 3) |
| – User contribution | nothing uploaded yet |
| – Human verified | not yet checked by a person · I checked this project — verify it |
intervention · arms resolved
Controlled / prescribed diet or feeding regimen design crossover · population healthy_control · Low-gluten (2g/day) vs high-gluten (18g/day) diet, 8-week periods
“randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults” — bioproject.description (study level; per-sample arms are in the intervention column below)
longitudinal
52 of 58 people sampled more than once (202 samples; median 4, up to 4 per person) · follow-up median 5 mo (max 9 mo) · median interval between samples 56 d (time from collection dates). Schedule stated by the source: “Repeated sampling per subject at 4 visits: baseline and end of each 8-week diet period (low-gluten, high-gluten), separated by >=6-week washout; order randomised (cross-over).” (time origin: enrolment (visit 1 / first intervention baseline)); stated follow-up 5 mo.
Each row is one person (36 shown of 52); dots are samples at days since that person's first sample.
Genera, mean relative abundance over 180 profiled gut samples of this project (Sandpiper SingleM profiles, GTDB R232; low-depth and non-metagenome profiles left out).
| field | samples | coverage | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| age_category | 208 | 100% | ||||
| country | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| health_condition | 208 | 100% | 207 | 1 | ||
| subject_id | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| age_at_collection_days | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| antibiotic_exposure | 208 | 100% | 207 | 1 | ||
| collection_date | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| detailed_location | 208 | 100% | ||||
| diet | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| diet_detail | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| health_condition_detail | 208 | 100% | 207 | 1 | ||
| intervention | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| intervention_detail | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| latitude | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| location_locality | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| location_region | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| longitude | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| sex | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| timepoint_label | 208 | 100% | 208 | |||
| bmi | 207 | 100% | 207 |
- A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults. 2018 PMID 30425247 PMC6234216 own_data
- Data integration for prediction of weight loss in randomized controlled dietary trials. 2020 PMID 33208769 PMC7674420 unsure
- Toward an improved definition of a healthy microbiome for healthy aging. 2022 PMID 37118093 PMC10154212 unsure
- Functional host-specific adaptation of the intestinal microbiome in hominids. 2024 PMID 38182626 PMC10770139 unsure
- pH regulates gut bacterial tryptophan metabolism. 2026 PMID 41730870 PMC13039869 unsure
1 more
- Strain transmission links human microbiomes along the oral-gut axis and across cohabiting individuals. 2026 PMID 42312244 PMC13269251
Archive description
Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.
How this project entered the registry
Classified as human gut / stool shotgun DNA metagenome of adult by sonnet_x2 with confidence 0.82. Assay shotgun_dna.
- host run.host_tax_id · “9606”
- body site run.scientific_name · “feces metagenome”
- life stage study.description · “60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders”
Evidence examples (one per field × route)
| sample | field | value | route | conf. | source | quote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAMN10093177 | age_at_collection_days | 21555.0 | R1 | 0.85 | sample.attr.host_age | 59.11 |
| SAMN10093177 | antibiotic_exposure | no | R2 | 0.75 | external.cmd source | antibiotics_current_use: No |
| SAMN10281461 | antibiotic_exposure | no | R3 | 0.70 | paper.fulltext.methods | antibiotic treatments (< 3 months prior to study start) |
| SAMN10093177 | bmi | 30.57 | R1 | 0.90 | sample.attr.host_body_mass_index | 30.56747885 |
| SAMN10093177 | collection_date | 2012-10-22 | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:collection_date | 2012-10-22 |
| SAMN10093177 | country | DK | R1 | 0.90 | sample.attr.geo_loc_name | Denmark: Copenhagen |
| SAMN10093177 | diet | therapeutic_or_study_diet | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:host_diet | Low-gluten diet |
| SAMN10093177 | diet_detail | Low-gluten diet | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:host_diet | Low-gluten diet |
| SAMN10093177 | health_condition | healthy_control | R2 | 0.75 | external.cmd source | disease: Healthy |
| SAMN10281461 | health_condition | healthy_control | R3 | 0.70 | paper.fulltext.abstract | Danish adults without known disorders |
| SAMN10093177 | health_condition_detail | Healthy | R2 | 0.75 | external.cmd source | disease: Healthy |
| SAMN10281461 | health_condition_detail | healthy adults without known disorders, non-coeliac | R3 | 0.70 | paper.fulltext.abstract | Danish adults without known disorders |
| SAMN10093177 | intervention | no_intervention | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:Period | Period: Baseline |
| SAMN10093178 | intervention | diet_intervention | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:host_diet | host_diet: Low-gluten diet |
| SAMN10093177 | intervention_detail | Baseline period before diet intervention; assigned arm: Low-gluten diet intervention (2 g/day) | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:Period | Period: Baseline |
| SAMN10093178 | intervention_detail | Low-gluten diet intervention (2 g/day) | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:host_diet | host_diet: Low-gluten diet |
| SAMN10093177 | latitude | 55.6761 | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:lat_lon | 55.6761 N 12.5683 E |
| SAMN10093177 | location_locality | Copenhagen | R1 | 0.85 | biosample.attribute:geo_loc_name | Denmark: Copenhagen |
| SAMN10093177 | location_region | Capital Region | R1 | 0.60 | biosample.attribute:lat_lon | 55.6761 N 12.5683 E |
| SAMN10093177 | longitude | 12.5683 | R1 | 0.90 | biosample.attribute:lat_lon | 55.6761 N 12.5683 E |
| SAMN10093177 | sex | male | R1 | 0.90 | sample.attr.host_sex | male |
| SAMN10093177 | subject_id | 5411 | R1 | 0.85 | sample.attr.host_subject_id | 5411 |
| SAMN10093177 | timepoint_label | Baseline | R1 | 0.85 | sample.attr.period | Baseline |
Sequencing
208 runs over 208 samples · mean 7.32 Gbp per run (median 7.08 Gbp, total 1,521.57 Gbp; 208 runs with a base count) · layout PAIRED 208 · platform ILLUMINA 208 · models Illumina HiSeq 2000 (208) · 87% of runs with a Sandpiper profile · first public 2018-10-12 – 2018-10-24
Authors (74)
Nielsen RL first · Helenius M · Garcia SL · Roager HM · Aytan-Aktug D · Hansen LBS · Lind MV · Vogt JK · Dalgaard MD · Bahl MI · Jensen CB · Muktupavela R · Warinner C · Aaskov V · Gøbel R · Kristensen M · Frøkiær H · Sparholt MH · Christensen AF · Vestergaard H · Hansen T · Kristiansen K · Brix S · Petersen TN · Lauritzen L · Licht TR · Pedersen O · Gupta R last · Ghosh TS first · Shanahan F · O'Toole PW last · Rühlemann MC first · Bang C · Gogarten JF · Hermes BM · Groussin M · Waschina S · Poyet M · Ulrich M · Akoua-Koffi C · Deschner T · Muyembe-Tamfum JJ · Robbins MM · Surbeck M · Wittig RM · Zuberbühler K · Baines JF · Leendertz FH · Franke A last · Brinck JE first · Laursen MF · Pedersen M · Carey MR · Procházková N · Jørgensen MS · Mortensen MS · Sinha AK last · Heidrich V first · Fackelmann G · Ricci L · Spadazzi R · Baldanzi G · Punčochář M · Catassi G · Marchi P · Modesto M · Piccinno G · Porcari S · Rondinella D · Asnicar F · Valles-Colomer M · Mattarelli P · Ianiro G · Segata N last
Downloads
PRJNA491335.csv.gz (8.7 KB) · parquet (83.3 KB) — all 208 samples, every field with route and confidence · PRJNA491335_determinations.csv.gz (31.0 KB) — 3,743 evidence rows